طبقه‌بندی نوین راهکارهای غیرفعال جریان‌ساز هوای تازه در معماری تنفس‌پذیر با ارزیابی چندمعیاره در چهار اقلیم ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
چکیده
با افزایش توجه به کیفیت هوای داخلی و کاهش وابستگی به سامانه‌های مکانیکی، ضرورت بازتعریف راهکارهای غیرفعال جریان‌ساز هوای تازه در معماری پایدار بیش‌ازپیش آشکار شده است. بررسی پیشینه پژوهش نشان می‌دهد باوجود معرفی راهکارهای متعدد، همچنان فقدان یک طبقه‌بندی جامع کالبدی و عدم ارزیابی دقیق عملکرد این راهکارها در اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران، به‌عنوان یک خلأ علمی و کاربردی جدی مطرح است. هدف این پژوهش، ارائه یک طبقه‌بندی نوین بر پایه منطق کالبدی - عملکردی و اولویت‌بندی راهکارهای غیرفعال در چهار اقلیم اصلی ایران است. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و با رویکرد ترکیبی انجام شد. ابتدا با مرور نظام‌مند منابع، ۱۷ راهکار در چهار دسته سقف محور، دیوار محور، فضاهای میانی و کف محور طبقه‌بندی گردید. سپس با مشارکت ۶۳ خبره، ۸ معیار ارزیابی استخراج و با روش آنتروپی شانون وزن‌دهی شد. در ادامه، رتبه‌بندی راهکارها در چهار اقلیم ایران با روش TOPSIS انجام گرفت و الگوهای هم‌افزایی نیز بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که «کارایی تهویه» و «کیفیت هوای داخل» مهم‌ترین معیارهای تصمیم‌گیری هستند. همچنین، عملکرد راهکارها به طور معناداری به اقلیم وابسته است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که بازشوها و چیدمان داخلی در اقلیم‌های معتدل و مرطوب و گرم و مرطوب، بادگیر و حیاط مرکزی در اقلیم گرم و خشک، و پنجره، دیوار ترومپ و دودکش خورشیدی در اقلیم سرد و کوهستانی بیشترین کارایی را داشتند. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که تهویه غیرفعال مؤثر، حاصل انتخاب یک عنصر منفرد نیست، بلکه از ترکیب هوشمندانه عناصر و انطباق دقیق با بستر اقلیمی شکل می‌گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Modern Classification of Passive Fresh Air Flow-Generating Strategies in Breathable Architecture with Multi-Criteria Evaluation in Four Climates of Iran

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Firouzmandi Bandpey 1
Mostafa Gholipour Geshniani 2
1 Master’s Student in Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده English

With increasing attention to indoor air quality and reduced dependence on mechanical systems, the need to redefine passive solutions for fresh air flow in sustainable architecture has become more apparent than ever. A review of the research background shows that despite the introduction of numerous solutions, the lack of a comprehensive physical classification and the lack of accurate evaluation of the performance of these solutions in different climates of Iran is still a serious scientific and practical gap. The aim of this research is to present a new classification based on physical-functional logic and prioritization of passive solutions in the four main climates of Iran. The present research was conducted with an applied and mixed approach. First, by systematically reviewing the sources, 17 solutions were classified into four categories: ceiling-oriented, wall-oriented, intermediate spaces, and floor-oriented. Then, with the participation of 63 experts, 8 evaluation criteria were extracted and weighted using the Shannon entropy method. Subsequently, the solutions were ranked in the four climates of Iran using the TOPSIS method and synergy patterns were also examined. The results showed that “ventilation efficiency” and “indoor air quality” were the most important decision-making criteria. Also, the performance of the solutions was significantly dependent on the climate; such that openings and interior layout were most effective in temperate and humid and hot and humid climates, windbreaks and central courtyards in hot and dry climates, and windows, Trumpet walls, and solar chimneys in cold and mountainous climates. The findings indicate that effective passive ventilation is not the result of selecting a single element, but rather a smart combination of elements and careful adaptation to the climatic context.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Breathable Architecture
Passive Ventilation
Airflow
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Climate of Iran
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