بررسی تأثیر آسایش بصری سامانه‌های سایبان در جبهه جنوبی کلاس های درس مدارس تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد معماری انرژی، گروه مهندسی معماری و انرژی، پژوهشکده انرژی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
چکیده
در این نوشتار، اهمیت سامانه ­های سایبان در بهبود نور روز و راحتی بصری در کلاس درس بررسی شده و پیکربندی‌های مختلف سامانه ­های سایبان برای شناسایی مؤثرترین راه‌حل‌ها جهت افزایش توزیع نور مفید در طول روز و کاهش تابش خیره‌کننده از طریق مقایسه با حالت بدون سایبان و همچنین با یکدیگر مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. 578 مدل سامانه سایبان شبیه‌سازی شد که لوور­های افقی و طاقچه‌های نوری با پارامترهای مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پارامترهای مورد بررسی، عمق و زاویه سایبان­ها، تعداد پر­ه­ها و فاصله آن‌ها از هم در لوور­های افقی است و در این میان فاصله سایبان از پنجره و WWR ثابت در نظر گرفته شد. معیارهای ارزیابی برای روشنایی شاخص‌های UDI، ASE و sDG است؛ پس از بررسی این سه شاخص DGP هر مدل منتخب بررسی شد تا میزان خیرگی هر مدل سایبان مشخص شود. از نرم‌افزار راینو و پلاگین گرس­هاپر برای تغییرات هندسی در سایبان ­ها استفاده و شبیه‌سازی نور روز با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای Radiance، با پلاگین‌های لیدی باگ و هانی­بی در محیط گرس­هاپر انجام شد. در حالت کلی تمامی سایبان­ها باعث بهبود آسایش بصری در کلاس درس می­شوند ولی لوور‌های افقی دارای بالاترین مقدار UDI برابر 98٪ هستند. تمامی سایبان­ های موردمطالعه باعث بهبود sDG شدند اما بیشترین بهبود در ترکیب طاقچه‌های نوری با لوور­های افقی دیده می­شود و باعث کاهش میزان UDI می­ شود. افزایش زاویه سامانه‌های سایبان، راحتی بصری را افزایش می‌دهد. بااین‌حال، با افزایش هم‌زمان عمق و زاویه سامانه‌های سایبان، نور روز مفید کاهش می‌یابد که منجر به کاهش راحتی بصری می‌شود. افزایش تعداد پره­ها در لوور‌های افقی راحتی بصری را افزایش نمی‌دهد. ترکیب طاقچه نوری و لوور افقی با توجه به‌تمامی شاخص‌ها عملکرد بهتری را دارد و در بین این نوع سایبان، طاقچه نوری با عمق داخلی و خارجی 5/0 متر و تعداد لوور افقی 2 با عمق 3/0 متر دارای عملکرد بهتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Shading Devices in Visual Comfort with Useful Daylight in the Southern Facade of Tehran School Classrooms

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Hosseinpoor 1
Mohammad Reza Hatamian 2
Majid Sabzpooshani 3
1 M.Sc. in Energy Architecture, Department of Architecture and Energy, Energy Research Institute, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Art, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Engineering, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده English

The use of daylight in the design of south-facing windows of schools in the Tehran has not received much attention. daylight is a multi-dimensional concept that affects both optimizing energy consumption and providing quality daylight for classrooms, or in other words for provide a visual comfort. In this study, the importance of louvers in improving useful daylight and visual comfort in classrooms is examined, and different configurations of louvers are analyzed to identify the most effective solutions to increase the distribution of useful daylight throughout the day and reduce glare.
In this study, 578 louver models were simulated and examined, including horizontal louvers and light shelves with different parameters. The parameters investigated in this study include the depth and angle of the louvers, the number of blades, and their spacing in horizontal louvers, with the distance of the louvers from the window and the WWR being constant. Evaluation criteria for brightness include the UDI, ASE, and sDG indices. After evaluating these three indices, the effectiveness of each louver model was examined to determine the efficacy of each louver model. Rhino software and Grasshopper plugin were used for geometric changes in the louvers in this study. Daylight simulation was carried out using Radiance software, with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins in the Grasshopper environment.
In general, all louvers contribute to improving visual comfort in the classroom, but among the studied louver models, horizontal louvers have the highest daily useful daylight factor (UDI) at 98%, while the lowest value is 87% for light shelves with horizontal louvers. All studied louvers improved the sDG, but the most improvement was observed with the combination of light shelves and horizontal louvers, which led to a reduction in the UDI. Increasing the angle of the louvers increases visual comfort. However, simultaneously increasing the depth and angle of the louvers decreases useful daylight, leading to a reduction in visual comfort. Additionally, increasing the number of blades in horizontal louvers does not increase visual comfort.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Horizontal Louver
Light Shelves
Visual Comfort
Useful Daylight Illuminance
Tehran
  • Acosta, I., León, J., & Bustamante, P. (2018). Daylight spectrum index: a new metric to assess the affinity of light sources with daylighting. Energies, 11(10), 2545.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102545

  • Aghemo, C., Pellegrino, A., & LoVerso, V. (2008). The approach to daylighting by scale models and sun and sky simulators: A case study for different shading systems. Building and Environment, 43(5), 917-927.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.01.020

  • Al-Masrani, S. M., & Al-Obaidi, K. M. (2019). Dynamic shading systems: A review of design parameters, platforms and evaluation strategies. Automation in construction, 102, 195-216.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.014

  • Alhuwayil, W. K., Mujeebu, M. A., & Algarny, A. M. M. (2019). Impact of external shading strategy on energy performance of multi-story hotel building in hot-humid climate. Energy, 169, 1166-1174.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.069

  • Baghoolizadeh, M., Rostamzadeh-Renani, M., Rostamzadeh-Renani, R., & Toghraie, D. (2023). Multi-objective optimization of Venetian blinds in office buildings to reduce electricity consumption and improve visual and thermal comfort by NSGA-II. Energy and Buildings, 278, 112639.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112639

  • Bahdad, A., Fadzil, S., Onubi, H., & BenLasod, S. (2022). Multi-dimensions optimization for optimum modifications of light-shelves parameters for daylighting and energy efficiency. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(4), 2659-2676.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03328-9

  • Bahdad, A. A. S., Fadzil, S. F. S., Onubi, H. O., & BenLasod, S. A. (2021). Sensitivity analysis linked to multi-objective optimization for adjustments of light-shelves design parameters in response to visual comfort and thermal energy performance. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 102996.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102996

  • Bakmohammadi, P., & Noorzai, E. (2020). Optimization of the design of the primary school classrooms in terms of energy and daylight performance considering occupants’ thermal and visual comfort. Energy Reports, 6, 1590-1607.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.06.008

  • Bellia, L., Bisegna, F., & Spada, G. (2011). Lighting in indoor environments: Visual and non-visual effects of light sources with different spectral power distributions. Building and Environment, 46(10), 1984-1992.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.007

  • Bellia, L., Marino, C., Minichiello, F., & Pedace, A. (2014). An overview on solar shading systems for buildings. Energy Procedia, 62, 309-317.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.392

  • Calama-González, C. M., Suárez, R., León-Rodríguez, Á. L., & Ferrari, S. (2019). Assessment of indoor environmental quality for retrofitting classrooms with an egg-crate shading device in a hot climate. Sustainability, 11(4), 1078.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041078

  • Caldas, L. G., & Norford, L. K. (2002). A design optimization tool based on a genetic algorithm. Automation in construction, 11(2), 173-184.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-5805(00)00096-0

  • Choi, J., Lee, T., Ahn, E., & Piao, G. (2014). Parametric louver design system based on direct solar radiation control performance. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 13(1), 57-62.

https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.13.57

  • CIBSE, K. B. (2011). Lighting Guide 5: Lighting for Education. Society of Light and Lighting.

http://www.cibse.org/

  • Costanzo, V., Evola, G., & Marletta, L. (2017). A review of daylighting strategies in schools: State of the art and expected future trends. Buildings, 7(2), 41.

https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7020041

  • Costanzo, V., Evola, G., Marletta, L., & Panarelli, D. (2017). Static and dynamic strategies for improving daylight use in side-lit classrooms: a case study.BSA: Bolzano

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317264914_Static_and_dynamic_strategies_for_improving_daylight_use_in_side-lit_classrooms_a_case_study

  • Cremers, J. (2016). Openings in buildings. Building openings construction manual: windows, vents and exterior doors. Munich: Germany, 8-11.

https://doi.org/10.11129/9783955532994-001

  • Datta, G. (2001). Effect of fixed horizontal louver shading devices on thermal perfomance of building by TRNSYS simulation. Renewable energy, 23(3-4), 497-507.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00131-2

  • De Luca, F., Sepúlveda, A., & Varjas, T. (2022). Multi-performance optimization of static shading devices for glare, daylight, view and energy consideration. Building and Environment, 217, 109110.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109110

  • Dudzińska, A. (2021). Efficiency of solar shading devices to improve thermal comfort in a sports hall. Energies, 14(12), 3535.

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123535

  • Edwards, L., & Torcellini, P. (2002). Literature review of the effects of natural light on building occupants.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15000841

  • Eltaweel, A., & Su, Y. (2017). Controlling venetian blinds based on parametric design; via implementing Grasshopper’s plugins: A case study of an office building in Cairo. Energy and Buildings, 139, 31-43.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.075

  • Eltaweel, A., & Yuehong, S. (2017). Using integrated parametric control to achieve better daylighting uniformity in an office room: A multi-Step comparison study. Energy and Buildings, 152, 137-148.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.07.033

  • EN, B. (2018). 17037: 2018 Daylight in Buildings. BSI: London, UK.

https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/836e5b91-1eb0-4643-a2ba-7ca5a5988e64/en-17037-2018

  • Gürsel Dino, İ. (2012). Creative design exploration by parametric generative systems in architecture. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture. 29, 207-224.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4305/METU.JFA.2012.1.12

  • Heschong, L., & Mahone, D. (2003). Windows and classrooms: A study of student performance and the indoor environment. California Energy Commission, 37(4), 414-435.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26759.44964

  • Heschong, L., Wright, R. L., & Okura, S. (2002). Daylighting impacts on human performance in school. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, 31(2), 101-114.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.2002.10748396

  • Kirimtat, A., Koyunbaba, B. K., Chatzikonstantinou, I., & Sariyildiz, S. (2016). Review of simulation modeling for shading devices in buildings. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 53, 23-49.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.020

  • Konstantzos, I., Tzempelikos, A., & Chan, Y.-C. (2015). Experimental and simulation analysis of daylight glare probability in offices with dynamic window shades. Building and Environment, 87, 244-254.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.007

  • Kontadakis, A., Tsangrassoulis, A., Doulos, L., & Topalis, F. (2017). An active sunlight redirection system for daylight enhancement beyond the perimeter zone. Building and Environment, 113, 267-279.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.029

  • Küller, R., & Lindsten, C. (1992). Health and behavior of children in classrooms with and without windows. Journal of environmental psychology, 12(4), 305-317.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80079-9

  • Lakhdari, K., Sriti, L., & Painter, B. (2021). Parametric optimization of daylight, thermal and energy performance of middle school classrooms, case of hot and dry regions. Building and Environment, 204, 108173.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108173

  • Lee, K. S., Han, K. J., & Lee, J. W. (2017). The impact of shading type and azimuth orientation on the daylighting in a classroom–focusing on effectiveness of façade shading, comparing the results of DA and UDI. Energies, 10(5), 635.

https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050635

  • Lee, S.-W., Leigh, S.-B., Kim, T., Cheong, C. H., & Cho, S. (2019). Cooling energy reduction effect of parallel double-window system operation in residential buildings in South Korea. Indoor and Built Environment, 28(5), 636-658.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326X17707564

  • Lim, Y.-W., Ahmad, M. H., & Ossen, D. R. (2013). Internal shading for efficient tropical daylighting in Malaysian contemporary high-rise open plan office. Indoor and Built Environment, 22(6), 932-951.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326X12463024

  • Lm, I. (2013). Approved method: IES spatial Daylight autonomy (sDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE). Illuminating Engineering Society.

https://webstore.ansi.org/preview-pages/IESNA/preview_IES+LM-83-12.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOorW_SHpLH9Kcwh1g5iOc6YmWknmCkYDM0dRzl3wjeW9fESgJyb2

  • Mangkuto, R. A., Feradi, F., Putra, R. E., Atmodipoero, R. T., & Favero, F. (2018). Optimisation of daylight admission based on modifications of light shelf design parameters. Journal of Building Engineering, 18, 195-209.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.007

  • Mardaljevic, J., Heschong, L., & Lee, E. (2009). Daylight metrics and energy savings. Lighting Research & Technology, 41(3), 261-283.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153509339703

  • Mirrahimi, S., Ibrahim, N. L. N., & Surat, M. (2013). Effect of daylighting on student health and performance. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Science and Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8725312

  • Moazzeni, M. H., & Ghiabaklou, Z. (2016). Investigating the influence of light shelf geometry parameters on daylight performance and visual comfort, a case study of educational space in Tehran, Iran. Buildings, 6(3), 26.

https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings6030026

  • Nabil, A., & Mardaljevic, J. (2006). Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors. Energy and Buildings, 38(7), 905-913.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.013

  • Nocera, F., Lo Faro, A., Costanzo, V., & Raciti, C. (2018). Daylight performance of classrooms in a mediterranean school heritage building. Sustainability, 10(10), 3705.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103705

  • Perez, M., Oteiza, P., & Neila, J. (2012). Fragmented Light Shelf: Sun protection system and daylighting optimization. 28th International PLEA Conference. Lima, Perú.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285597746_Fragmented_Light_Shelf_Sun_protection_system_and_daylighting_optimization

  • Rafati, N., Hazbei, M., & Eicker, U. (2023). Louver configuration comparison in three Canadian cities utilizing NSGA-II. Building and Environment, 229, 109939.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109939

  • Reinhart, C. F., & Andersen, M. (2006). Development and validation of a Radiance model for a translucent panel. Energy and Buildings, 38(7), 890-904.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.006

  • Reinhart, C. F., & Walkenhorst, O. (2001). Validation of dynamic RADIANCE-based daylight simulations for a test office with external blinds. Energy and Buildings, 33(7), 683-697.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00058-5

  • Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2012). A review on sustainable design of renewable energy systems. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 16(1), 192-207.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.147

  • Sjarifudin, F. U., & Justina, L. (2014). Daylight adaptive shading using parametric camshaft mechanism for SOHO in Jakarta. EPJ Web of Conferences.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146800037

  • Sun, N., Cui, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2018). Lighting and ventilation-based building sun-shading design and simulation case in cold regions. Energy Procedia, 152, 462-469.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.254

  • Suradhuhita, P., Setyowati, E., & Prianto, E. (2022). Influence of a facade design on thermal and visual comfort in an elementary school classroom. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1007/1/012013

  • Toutou, A., Fikry, M., & Mohamed, W. (2018). The parametric based optimization framework daylighting and energy performance in residential buildings in hot arid zone. Alexandria engineering journal, 57(4), 3595-3608.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.04.006

  • Valitabar, M., Moghimi, M., Mahdavinejad, M., & Pilechiha, P. (2018). Design optimum responsive façade based on visual comfort and energy performance. 23rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Learning, Prototyping and Adapting, CAADRIA.

http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.093

  • Wagdy, A., & Fathy, F. (2015). A parametric approach for achieving optimum daylighting performance through solar screens in desert climates. Journal of Building Engineering, 3, 155-170.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.07.007

  • Wang, S., Liu, Y., Cao, Q., Li, H., Yu, Y., & Yang, L. (2021). Applicability of passive design strategies in China promoted under global warming in past half century. Building and Environment, 195, 107777.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107777

  • Wienold, J. (2009). Dynamic daylight glare evaluation. eleventh international IBPSA conference,Glasgow,Scotland.

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18376494

  • Wienold, J., & Christoffersen, J.(2005) Towards a new daylight glare rating. 10thEuropeanLightCongress,Germany:Berlin.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313608753_Towards_a_new_daylight_glare_rating

  • Wienold, J., & Christoffersen, J. (2006). Evaluation methods and development of a new glare prediction model for daylight environments with the use of CCD cameras. Energy and Buildings, 38(7), 743-757.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.017

  • Yoon, Y. B., Manandhar, R., & Lee, K. H. (2014). Comparative study of two daylighting analysis methods with regard to window orientation and interior wall reflectance. Energies, 7(9), 5825-5846.

https://doi.org/10.3390/en7095825

  • Yu, X., Su, Y., & Chen, X. (2014). Application of RELUX simulation to investigate energy saving potential from daylighting in a new educational building in UK. Energy and Buildings, 74, 191-202.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.01.024

  • Zemitis, J., Borodinecs, A., Sidenko, N., & Zajacs, A. (2023). Simulation of IAQ and thermal comfort of a classroom at various ventilation strategies. The 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation & Energy Conservation in Buildings (IAQVEC2023).

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339603005

  • Zhang, A., Bokel, R., van den Dobbelsteen, A., Sun, Y., Huang, Q., & Zhang, Q. (2017). Optimization of thermal and daylight performance of school buildings based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm in the cold climate of China. Energy and Buildings, 139, 371-384.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.048

  • Ziaee, N., & Vakilinezhad, R. (2022). Multi-objective optimization of daylight performance and thermal comfort in classrooms with light-shelves: Case studies in Tehran and Sari, Iran. Energy and Buildings, 254, 111590.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111590

  • Zomorodian, Z. S., & Tahsildoost, M. (2017). Assessment of window performance in classrooms by long term spatial comfort metrics. Energy and Buildings, 134, 80-93.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.10.018