The Effectiveness of Higher Order Thinking Skills Training (HOTS)on Cognitive Processes and Design Product

Karvan, Farhad; Mahdinejad Darzi, Jamal- E-Din

doi:10.22034/usd.2026.2061007.1359

The Effectiveness of Higher Order Thinking Skills Training (HOTS)on Cognitive Processes and Design Product

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Farhad Karvan ¹

Jamal- E-Din Mahdinejad Darzi ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.

² Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/usd.2026.2061007.1359

Abstract

Considering the importance of the effect of cognitive education, facing these issues and concerns involves the mind of a designer or architect for education and related methods, because with the timely and balanced application of education It is possible to have creative people and successful designers, and this is absolutely necessary considering the speed of changes in education and educational environments. Training of Higher Order Thinking Skills based on metacognition and critical thinking is one of the trainings that process basic cognitive skills and help mental well-being. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills on students' creativity, design product, and fluid intelligence. The question of the research is whether the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills can have an effect on creativity in design and fluid intelligence of students. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills on creativity in design and fluid intelligence of students. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Therefore, in the form of a pre-test-post-test semi-experimental design with a control group, he determined the effect of the Higher Order Thinking Skills educational model on the level of fluid intelligence and creativity in the design of architecture students. According to the purpose of the research, the statistical population in this research included all architecture students of Hamedan Azad University in the academic year (1400-1401). Based on the selection criteria, 30 people were selected as available and randomly replaced in two control and experimental groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of training, but the control group did not receive any training. In order to collect data, Cattell 's fluid intelligence, Torrance's creativity and researcher-made product valuation scale were used. According to the results of covariance analysis and the F value obtained in fluid intelligence (5.03), it can be said that the effect of Higher Order Thinking Skills training on students' fluid intelligence (with eta square - 16 percent effect) was significant. Training in creativity was significant with the obtained F value (18.91) and the impact rate (42%). Also, the F value obtained in the design product (31.61) was significant with the effect rate (55%). From the findings, it can be concluded that education helps to expand the range of knowledge and diversity in the understanding of concepts and content, and then it causes an increase in divergent thinking and the expansion of a person's knowledge. And this expansion of the student's knowledge and ability in classifying and comparing concepts with each other in the use of various symbols and images, causes him to avoid projecting unrelated ideas and deviant and different perceptions of the real meaning and to reread experiences. The former deals with the expansion of semantic memory. Also, education has been able to increase the student's information processing power in the ability to recognize relationships between visual stimuli, the speed of analyzing information, and the ability of active memory. Although having the power and skill of thinking, especially Higher Order Thinking Skills, is a category that can be increased under the influence of many factors, but the results of this research showed that the educational method can improve them by providing a suitable educational environment.

Keywords

Architecture Education

Higher Order Thinking Skills

Cognitive Factors

Creativity

Design Product

20.1001.1.27170128.1405.7.23.4.4

Subjects

architecture

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